California Bulk Sales Law and Auctions

CALIFORNIA CODES
CALIFORNIA COMMERCIAL CODE
Division 6. BULK SALES
Current through 2013 Legislative Session
§ 6101. Short title

This division shall be known and may be cited as Uniform Commercial Code--Bulk Sales.

Cite as Ca. Com. Code § 6101

§ 6102. Definitions and index of definitions

(a)     In this division, unless the context otherwise requires:
(1)     "Assets" means the inventory and equipment that is the subject of a bulk sale and any tangible and intangible personal property used or held for use primarily in, or arising from, the seller's business and sold in connection with that inventory and equipment, but the term does not include any of the following:
(i)     Fixtures (paragraph (41) of subdivision (a) of Section 9102) other than readily removable factory and office machines.
(ii)     The lessee's interest in a lease of real property.
(iii)     Property to the extent it is generally exempt from creditor process under nonbankruptcy law.
(2)     "Auctioneer" means a person whom the seller engages to direct, conduct, control, or be responsible for a sale by auction.
(3)     "Bulk sale" means either of the following:
(i)     In the case of a sale by auction or a sale or series of sales conducted by a liquidator on the seller's behalf, a sale or series of sales not in the ordinary course of the seller's business of more than half of the seller's inventory and equipment, as measured by a value on the date of the bulk-sale agreement.
(ii)     In all other cases, a sale not in the ordinary course of the seller's business of more than half the seller's inventory and equipment, as measured by value on the date of the bulk-sale agreement.
(4)     "Claim" means a right to payment from the seller, whether or not the right is reduced to judgment, liquidated, fixed, matured, disputed, secured, legal, or equitable. The term includes costs of collection and attorney's fees only to the extent that the laws of this state permit the holder of the claim to recover them in an action against the obligor.
(5)     "Claimant" means a person holding a claim incurred in the seller's business other than any of the following:
(i)     An unsecured and unmatured claim for employment compensation and benefits, including commissions and vacation, severance, and sick-leave pay.
(ii)     A claim for injury to an individual or to property, or for breach of warranty, unless all of the following are satisfied:
(A)     A right of action for the claim has accrued.
(B)     The claim has been asserted against the seller.
(C)     The seller knows the identity of the person asserting the claim and the basis upon which the person has asserted it.
(iii)     A claim for taxes owing to a governmental unit, if both of the following are satisfied:
(A)     A statute governing the enforcement of the claim permits or requires notice of the bulk sale to be given to the governmental unit in a manner other than by compliance with the requirements of this division.
(B)     Notice is given in accordance with the statute.
(6)     "Creditor" means a claimant or other person holding a claim.
(7)    
(i)     "Date of the bulk sale" means either of the following:
(A)     If the sale is by auction or is conducted by a liquidator on the seller's behalf, the date on which more than 10 percent of the net proceeds is paid to or for the benefit of the seller.
(B)     In all other cases, the later of the date on which either of the following occurs:
(I)     More than 10 percent of the net contract price is paid to or for the benefit of the seller.
(II)     More than 10 percent of the assets, as measured by value, are transferred to the buyer.
(ii)     For purposes of this subdivision the following shall apply:
(A)     Delivery of a negotiable instrument (subdivision (1) of Section 3104) to or for the benefit of the seller in exchange for assets constitutes payment of the contract price pro tanto.
(B)     To the extent that the contract price is deposited in an escrow, the contract price is paid to or for the benefit of the seller when the seller acquires the unconditional right to receive the deposit or when the deposit is delivered to the seller or for the benefit of the seller, whichever is earlier.
(C)     An asset is transferred when a person holding an unsecured claim can no longer obtain through judicial proceedings rights to the asset that are superior to those of the buyer arising as a result of the bulk sale. A person holding an unsecured claim can obtain those superior rights to a tangible asset at least until the buyer has an unconditional right, under the bulk-sale agreement, to possess the asset, and a person holding an unsecured claim can obtain those superior rights to an intangible asset at least until the buyer has an unconditional right, under the bulk-sale agreement, to use the asset.
(8)     "Date of the bulk-sale agreement" means either of the following:
(i)     In the case of a sale by auction or conducted by a liquidator (subparagraph (i) of paragraph (3)), the date on which the seller engages the auctioneer or liquidator.
(ii)     In all other cases, the date on which a bulk-sale agreement becomes enforceable between the buyer and the seller.
(9)     "Debt" means liability on a claim.
(10)     "Liquidator" means a person who is regularly engaged in the business of disposing of assets for businesses contemplating liquidation or dissolution.
(11)     "Net contract price" means the new consideration the buyer is obligated to pay for the assets less each of the following:
(i)     The amount of any proceeds of the sale of an asset, to the extent the proceeds are applied in partial or total satisfaction of a debt secured by the asset.
(ii)     The amount of any debt to the extent it is secured by a security interest or lien that is enforceable against the asset before and after it has been sold to a buyer. If a debt is secured by an asset and other property of the seller, the amount of the debt secured by a security interest or lien that is enforceable against the asset is determined by multiplying the debt by a fraction, the numerator of which is the value of the new consideration for the asset on the date of the bulk sale and the denominator of which is the value of all property securing the debt on the date of the bulk sale.
(12)     "Net proceeds" means the new consideration received for assets sold at a sale by auction or a sale conducted by a liquidator on the seller's behalf less each of the following:
(i)     Commissions and reasonable expenses of the sale.
(ii)     The amount of any proceeds of the sale of an asset, to the extent the proceeds are applied in partial or total satisfaction of a debt secured by the asset.
(iii)     The amount of any debt to the extent it is secured by a security interest or lien that is enforceable against the asset before and after it has been sold to a buyer. If a debt is secured by an asset and other property of the seller, the amount of the debt secured by a security interest or lien that is enforceable against the asset is determined by multiplying the debt by a fraction, the numerator of which is the value of the new consideration for the asset on the date of the bulk sale and the denominator of which is the value of all property securing the debt on the date of the bulk sale.
(13)     A sale is "in the ordinary course of the seller's business" if the sale comports with usual or customary practices in the kind of business in which the seller is engaged or with the seller's own usual or customary practices.
(14)     "United States" includes its territories and possessions and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
(15)     "Value" means fair market value.
(16)     "Verified" means signed and sworn to or affirmed.
(b)     The following definitions in other divisions apply to this division:
(1)     "Buyer." Paragraph (a) of subdivision (1) of Section 2103.
(2)     "Equipment." Paragraph (33) of subdivision (a) of Section 9102.
(3)     "Inventory." Paragraph (48) of subdivision (a) of Section 9102.
(4)     "Sale." Subdivision (1) of Section 2106.
(5)     "Seller." Paragraph (d) of subdivision (1) of Section 2103.
(c)     In addition, Division 1 (commencing with Section 1101) contains general definitions and principles of construction and interpretation applicable throughout this division.
Cite as Ca. Com. Code § 6102

History. EFFECTIVE 7/01/2001. Amended October 10, 1999 (Bill Number: SB 45) (Chapter 991).

Note: Note:This section is set out twice. See also Sec. 6102, eff. until July 1, 2001.

§ 6103. Applicability of division

(a)     Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (c), this division applies to a bulk sale if both of the following are satisfied:
(1)     The seller's principal business is the sale of inventory from stock, including those who manufacture what they sell, or that of a restaurant owner.
(2)     On the date of the bulk-sale agreement the seller is located in this state or, if the seller is located in a jurisdiction that is not a part of the United States, the seller's major executive office in the United States is in this state.
(b)     A seller is deemed to be located at its place of business. If a seller has more than one place of business, the seller is deemed located at its chief executive office.
(c)     This division does not apply to any of the following:
(1)     A transfer made to secure payment or performance of an obligation.
(2)     A transfer of collateral to a secured party pursuant to Section 9609.
(3)     A disposition of collateral pursuant to Section 9610.
(4)     Retention of collateral pursuant to Section 9620.
(5)     A sale of an asset encumbered by a security interest or lien if (i) all the proceeds of the sale are applied in partial or total satisfaction of the debt secured by the security interest or lien or (ii) the security interest or lien is enforceable against the asset after it has been sold to the buyer and the net contract price is zero.
(6)     A general assignment for the benefit of creditors or to a subsequent transfer by the assignee.
(7)     A sale by an executor, administrator, receiver, trustee in bankruptcy, debtor in possession, or any public officer under judicial process.
(8)     A sale made in the course of judicial or administrative proceedings for the dissolution or reorganization of an organization.
(9)     A sale to a buyer whose principal place of business is in the United States and who satisfies each of the following:
(i)     Not earlier than 21 days before the date of the bulk sale, (A) obtains from the seller a verified and dated list of claimants of whom the seller has notice three days before the seller sends or delivers the list to the buyer or (B) conducts a reasonable inquiry to discover the claimants.
(ii)     Assumes in full the debts owed to claimants of whom the buyer has knowledge on the date the buyer receives the list of claimants from the seller or on the date the buyer completes the reasonable inquiry, as the case may be.
(iii)     Is not insolvent after the assumption.
(iv)     Records and publishes notice of the assumption not later than 30 days after the date of the bulk sale in the manner provided in Section 6105.
(10)     A sale to a buyer whose principal place of business is in the United States and who satisfies each of the following:
(i)     Assumes in full the debts that were incurred in the seller's business before the date of the bulk sale.
(ii)     Is not insolvent after the assumption.
(iii)     Records and publishes notice of the assumption not later than 30 days after the date of the bulk sale in the manner provided by Section 6105.
(11)     A sale to a new organization that is organized to take over and continue the business of the seller and that has its principal place of business in the United States if each of the following conditions are satisfied:
(i)     The buyer assumes in full the debts that were incurred in the seller's business before the date of the bulk sale.
(ii)     The seller receives nothing from the sale except an interest in the new organization that is subordinate to the claims against the organization arising from the assumption.
(iii)     The buyer records and publishes notice of the assumption not later than 30 days after the date of the bulk sale in the manner provided in Section 6105.
(12)     A sale of assets having either of the following:
(i)     A value, net of liens and security interests, of less than ten thousand dollars ($10,000). If a debt is secured by assets and other property of the seller, the net value of the assets is determined by subtracting from their value an amount equal to the product of the debt multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the value of the assets on the date of the bulk sale and the denominator of which is the value of all property securing the debt on the date of the bulk sale.
(ii)     A value of more than five million dollars ($5,000,000) on the date of the bulk-sale agreement.
(13)     A sale required by, and made pursuant to, statute.
(14)     A transfer of personal property, if the personal property is leased back to the transferor immediately following the transfer and either there has been compliance with subdivision (h) of Section 3440.1 of the Civil Code or the transfer is exempt under subdivision (k) of Section 3440.1 of the Civil Code.
(15)     A transfer which is subject to and complies with Article 5 (commencing with Section 24070) of Chapter 6 of Division 9 of the Business and Professions Code, if the transferee records and publishes notice of the transfer at least 12 business days before the transfer is to be consummated in the manner provided in Section 6105 and the notice contains the information set forth in paragraphs (1) to (4) inclusive, of subdivision (a) of Section 6105.
(16)     A transfer of goods in a warehouse where a warehouse receipt has been issued therefor by a warehouseman (Section 7102) and a copy of the receipt is kept at the principal place of business of the warehouseman and at the warehouse in which the goods are stored.
(d)     The notice under subparagraph (iv) of paragraph (9) of subdivision (c) shall state each of the following:
(1)     That a sale that may constitute a bulk sale has been or will be made.
(2)     The date or prospective date of the bulk sale.
(3)     The individual, partnership, or corporate names and the addresses of the seller and buyer.
(4)     The address to which inquiries about the sale may be made, if different from the seller's address.
(5)     That the buyer has assumed or will assume in full the debts owed to claimants of whom the buyer has knowledge on the date the buyer receives the list of claimants from the seller or completes a reasonable inquiry to discover the claimants.
(e)     The notice under subparagraph (iii) of paragraph (10) of subdivision (c) and subparagraph (iii) of paragraph (11) of subdivision (c) shall state each of the following:
(1)     That a sale that may constitute a bulk sale has been or will be made.
(2)     The date or prospective date of the bulk sale.
(3)     The individual, partnership, or corporate names and the addresses of the seller and buyer.
(4)     The address to which inquiries about the sale may be made, if different from the seller's address.
(5)     That the buyer has assumed or will assume the debts that were incurred in the seller's business before the date of the bulk sale.
(f)     For purposes of paragraph (12) of subdivision (c), the value of assets is presumed to be equal to the price the buyer agrees to pay for the assets. However, in a sale by auction or a sale conducted by a liquidator on the seller's behalf, the value of assets is presumed to be the amount the auctioneer or liquidator reasonably estimates the assets will bring at auction or upon liquidation.
Cite as Ca. Com. Code § 6103

History. EFFECTIVE 7/01/2001. Amended October 10, 1999 (Bill Number: SB 45) (Chapter 991).

Note: Note:This section is set out twice. See also Sec. 6103, eff. until July 1, 2001.

§ 6104. Buyers; seller's list; notice; compliance with § 6106.2

In a bulk sale as defined in subparagraph (ii) of paragraph (3) of subdivision (a) of Section 6102 the buyer shall do each of the following:

(a)     Obtain from the seller a list of all business names and addresses used by the seller within three years before the date the list is sent or delivered to the buyer.
(b)     Give notice of the bulk sale in accordance with Section 6105.
(c)     Comply with Section 6106.2 if the bulk sale is within the scope of that section.
Cite as Ca. Com. Code § 6104

§ 6105. Notice; requirements for compliance

In order to comply with subdivision (b) of Section 6104 each of the following shall be satisfied:

(a)     The notice shall comply with each of the following:
(1)     State that a bulk sale is about to be made.
(2)     State the name and business address of the seller together with any other business name and address listed by the seller (subdivision (a) of Section 6104) and the name and business address of the buyer.
(3)     State the location and general description of the assets.
(4)     State the place and the anticipated date of the bulk sale.
(5)     State whether or not the bulk sale is subject to Section 6106.2 and, if so subject, the matters required by subdivision (f) of Section 6106.2.
(b)     At least 12 business days before the date of the bulk sale, the notice shall be:
(1)     Recorded in the office of the county recorder in the county or counties in this state in which the tangible assets are located and, if different, in the county in which the seller is located (paragraph (2) of subdivision (a) of Section 6103).
(2)     Published at least once in a newspaper of general circulation published in the judicial district in this state in which the tangible assets are located and in the judicial district, if different, in which the seller is located (paragraph (2) of subdivision (a) of Section 6103), if in either case there is one, and if there is none, then in a newspaper of general circulation in the county in which the judicial district is located.
(3)     Delivered or sent by registered or certified mail to the county tax collector in the county or counties in this state in which the tangible assets are located. If delivered during the period from January 1 to May 7, inclusive, the notice shall be accompanied by a completed business property statement with respect to property involved in the bulk sale pursuant to Section 441 of the Revenue and Taxation Code.
If the tangible assets are located in more than one judicial district in this state, the publication required in paragraph (2) shall be in a newspaper of general circulation published in the judicial district in this state in which a greater portion of the tangible assets are located, on the date the notice is published, than in any other judicial district in this state and, if different, in the judicial district in which the seller is located (paragraph (2) of subdivision (a) of Section 6103). As used in this subdivision, "business day" means any day other than a Saturday, Sunday, or day observed as a holiday by the state government.

Cite as Ca. Com. Code § 6105

History. Amended by Stats 2003 ch 604 (SB 1059), s 1, eff. 1/1/2004.

§ 6106.2. Payment of consideration to satisfy claims of seller's creditors; disputed claims; attachment; interpleader; notice; security interest

(a)     This section applies only to a bulk sale where the consideration is two million dollars ($2,000,000) or less and is substantially all cash or an obligation of the buyer to pay cash in the future to the seller or a combination thereof.
(b)     Upon every bulk sale subject to this section except one made by sale at auction or a sale or series of sales conducted by a liquidator on the seller's behalf, it is the duty of the buyer or, if the transaction is handled through an escrow, the escrow agent to apply the cash consideration in accordance with this section so far as necessary to pay those debts of the seller for which claims are due and payable on or before the date of the bulk sale and are received in writing on or prior to the date specified as the last date to file claims with the person designated in the notice to receive claims. This duty of the buyer or escrow agent runs to each claimant timely filing the claim.
(c)     If the seller disputes whether a claim is due and payable on the date of the bulk sale or the amount of any claim, the buyer or escrow agent shall withhold from distribution an amount equal to (1) 125 percent of the first seven thousand five hundred dollars ($7,500) of the claim, and (2) an amount equal to that portion of the claim in excess of the first seven thousand five hundred dollars ($7,500), or the pro rata amount under subdivision (b) of Section 6106.4, if applicable, and shall send a written notice to the claimant filing the claim on or before two business days after the distribution that the amount will be paid to the seller, or to the other claimants in accordance with subdivision (b) of Section 6106.4, as the case may be, unless attached within 25 days from the mailing of the notice.
Any portion of the amount withheld which is not attached by the claimant within that time shall be paid by the buyer or escrow agent to the seller, or to the other claimants in accordance with subdivision (b) of Section 6106.4 if they have not been paid in full.

An attachment of any amount so withheld shall be limited in its effect to the amount withheld for the attaching claimant and shall give the attaching claimant no greater priority or rights with respect to its claim than the claimant would have had if the claim had not been disputed. For purposes of this subdivision, a claimant may obtain the issuance of an attachment for a claim which is less than five hundred dollars ($500) and which otherwise meets the requirements of Section 483.010 of the Code of Civil Procedure or which is a secured claim or lien of the type described in Section 483.010 of the Code of Civil Procedure. The remedy in this subdivision shall be in addition to any other remedies the claimant may have, including any right to attach the property intended to be transferred or any other property.

(d)     If the cash consideration payable is not sufficient to pay all of the claims received in full, where no escrow has been established pursuant to Section 6106.4, the buyer shall follow the procedures specified in subdivisions (a) to (c), inclusive, of Section 6106.4, and the immunity established by paragraph (3) of subdivision (a) of that section shall apply to the buyer.
(e)     The buyer or escrow agent shall, within 45 days after the buyer takes legal title to any of the goods, either pay to the extent of the cash consideration the claims filed and not disputed, or the applicable portion thereof to the extent of the cash consideration under subdivision (b) of Section 6106.4, or institute an action in interpleader pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 386 of the Code of Civil Procedure and deposit the consideration with the clerk of the court pursuant to subdivision (c) of that section. The action shall be brought in the appropriate court in the county where the seller had its principal place of business in this state. Sections 386.1 and 386.6 of the Code of Civil Procedure shall apply in the action.
(f)     The notice shall state, in addition to the matters required by Section 6105, the name and address of the person with whom claims may be filed and the last date for filing claims, which shall be the business day before the date stated in the notice pursuant to paragraph (4) of subdivision (a) of Section 6105. Claims shall be deemed timely filed only if actually received by the person designated in the notice to receive claims before the close of business on the day specified in the notice as the last date for filing claims.
(g)     This section shall not be construed to release any security interest or other lien on the property which is the subject of the bulk sale except upon a voluntary release by the secured party or lienholder.
Cite as Ca. Com. Code § 6106.2

§ 6106.4. Escrow; filing claims; distribution; notice

In any case where the notice of a bulk sale subject to Section 6106.2 states that claims may be filed with an escrow agent, the intended buyer shall deposit with the escrow agent the full amount of the purchase price or consideration. If, at the time the bulk sale is otherwise ready to be consummated, the amount of cash deposited or agreed to be deposited at or prior to consummation in the escrow is insufficient to pay in full all of the claims filed with the escrow agent, the escrow agent shall do each of the following:

(a)    
(1)     Delay the distribution of the consideration and the passing of legal title for a period of not less than 25 days nor more than 30 days from the date the notice required in paragraph (2) is mailed.
(2)     Within five business days after the time the bulk sale would otherwise have been consummated, send a written notice to each claimant who has filed a claim stating the total consideration deposited or agreed to be deposited in the escrow, the name of each claimant who filed a claim against the escrow and the amount of each claim, the amount proposed to be paid to each claimant, the new date scheduled for the passing of legal title pursuant to paragraph (1) and the date on or before which distribution will be made to claimants which shall not be more than five days after the new date specified for the passing of legal title.
(3)     If no written objection to the distribution described in the notice required by paragraph (2) is received by the escrow agent prior to the new date specified in the notice for the passing of legal title, the escrow agent shall not be liable to any person to whom the notice required by paragraph (2) was sent for any good faith error that may have been committed in allocating and distributing the consideration as stated in the notice.
(b)     Distribute the consideration in the following order of priorities:
(1)     All obligations owing to the United States, to the extent given priority by federal law.
(2)     Secured claims, including statutory and judicial liens, to the extent of the consideration fairly attributable to the value of the properties securing the claims and in accordance with the priorities provided by law. A secured creditor shall participate in the distribution pursuant to this subdivision only if a release of lien is deposited by the secured creditor conditioned only upon receiving an amount equal to the distribution.
(3)     Escrow and professional charges and brokers' fees attributable directly to the sale.
(4)     Wage claims given priority by Section 1205 of the Code of Civil Procedure.
(5)     All other tax claims.
(6)     All other unsecured claims pro rata, including any deficiency claims of partially secured creditors.
(c)     To the extent that an obligation of the buyer to pay cash in the future is a part of the consideration and the cash consideration is not sufficient to pay all claims filed in full, apply all principal and interest received on the obligation to the payment of claims in accordance with subdivision (b) until they are paid in full before making any payment to the seller. In that case, the notice sent pursuant to subdivision (a) shall state the amount, terms, and due dates of the obligation and the portion of the claims expected to be paid thereby.
No funds may be drawn from the escrow, prior to the actual closing and completion of the escrow, for the payment, in whole or in part, of any commission, fee, or other consideration as compensation for a service that is contingent upon the performance of any act, condition, or instruction set forth in the escrow.

Cite as Ca. Com. Code § 6106.4

§ 6107. Liability for noncompliance

(a)     Except as provided in subdivision (c), and subject to the limitation in subdivision (d), a buyer who fails to comply with the requirements of Section 6104 with respect to a claimant is liable to the claimant for damages in the amount of the claim, reduced by any amount that the claimant would not have realized if the buyer had complied.
(b)     In an action under subdivision (a), the claimant has the burden of establishing the validity and amount of the claim, and the buyer has the burden of establishing the amount that the claimant would not have realized if the buyer had complied.
(c)     A buyer who made a good faith and commercially reasonable effort to comply with the requirements of Section 6104 or to exclude the sale from the application of this division under subdivision (c) of Section 6103 is not liable to creditors for failure to comply with the requirements of Section 6104. The buyer has the burden of establishing the good faith and commercial reasonableness of the effort.
(d)     In a single bulk sale the cumulative liability of the buyer for failure to comply with the requirements of Section 6104 may not exceed an amount equal to any of the following:
(1)     If the assets consist only of inventory and equipment, twice the net contract price, less the amount of any part of the net contract price paid to or applied for the benefit of the seller or a creditor except to the extent that the payment or application is applied to a debt which is secured by the assets and which has been taken into consideration in determining the net contract price.
(2)     If the assets include property other than inventory and equipment, twice the net value of the inventory and equipment less the amount of the portion of any part of the net contract price paid to or applied for the benefit of the seller or a creditor which is allocable to the inventory and equipment except to the extent that the payment or application is applied to a debt which is secured by the assets and which has been taken into consideration in determining the net contract price.
(e)     For the purposes of paragraph (2) of subdivision (d), the "net value" of an asset is the value of the asset less each of the following:
(1)     The amount of any proceeds of the sale of an asset, to the extent the proceeds are applied in partial or total satisfaction of a debt secured by the asset.
(2)     The amount of any debt to the extent it is secured by a security interest or lien that is enforceable against the asset before and after it has been sold to a buyer. If a debt is secured by an asset and other property of the seller, the amount of the debt secured by a security interest or lien that is enforceable against the asset is determined by multiplying the debt by a fraction, the numerator of which is the value of the asset on the date of the bulk sale and the denominator of which is the value of all property securing the debt on the date of the bulk sale. The portion of a part of the net contract price paid to or applied for the benefit of the seller or a creditor that is "allocable to the inventory and equipment" is the portion that bears the same ratio to that part of the net contract price as the net value of the inventory and equipment bears to the net value of all of the assets.
(f)     A payment made by the buyer to a person to whom the buyer is, or believes it is, liable under subdivision (a) reduces pro tanto the buyer's cumulative liability under subdivision (d).
(g)     No action may be brought under subdivision (a) by or on behalf of a claimant whose claim is unliquidated or contingent.
(h)     A buyer's failure to comply with the requirements of Section 6104 does not do any of the following:
(1)     Impair the buyer's rights in or title to the assets.
(2)     Render the sale ineffective, void, or voidable.
(3)     Entitle a creditor to more than a single satisfaction of its claim.
(4)     Create liability other than as provided in this division.
(i)     Payment of the buyer's liability under subdivision (a) discharges pro tanto the seller's debt to the creditor.
(j)     Unless otherwise agreed, a buyer has an immediate right of reimbursement from the seller for any amount paid to a creditor in partial or total satisfaction of the buyer's liability under subdivision (a).
Cite as Ca. Com. Code § 6107

§ 6108. Auction sales

(a)     Sections 6104, 6105, and 6107 apply to a bulk sale by auction and a bulk sale conducted by a liquidator on the seller's behalf with the following modifications:
(1)     "Buyer" refers to auctioneer or liquidator, as the case may be.
(2)     "Net contract price" refers to net proceeds of the auction or net proceeds of the sale, as the case may be.
(3)     The written notice required under subdivision (a) of Section 6105 shall be accompanied by a statement that the sale is to be by auction or by liquidation, the name of the auctioneer or liquidator, and the time and place of the auction or the time and place on or after which the liquidator will begin to sell assets on the seller's behalf.
(4)     In a single bulk sale the cumulative liability of the auctioneer or liquidator for failure to comply with the requirements of this section may not exceed the amount of the net proceeds of the sale allocable to inventory and equipment sold less the amount of the portion of any part of the net proceeds paid to or applied for the benefit of a creditor which is allocable to the inventory and equipment.
(b)     A payment made by the auctioneer or liquidator to a person to whom the auctioneer or liquidator is, or believes it is, liable under this section reduces pro tanto the auctioneer's or liquidator's cumulative liability under paragraph (4) of subdivision (a).
(c)     A person who buys at a bulk sale by auction or conducted by a liquidator need not comply with the requirements of Section 6104 and is not liable for the failure of an auctioneer or liquidator to comply with the requirements of this section.
Cite as Ca. Com. Code § 6108

§ 6110. Limitation of actions

(a)     Except as provided in subdivision (b), an action under this division against a buyer, auctioneer, or liquidator shall be commenced within one year after the date of the bulk sale.
(b)     If the buyer, auctioneer, or liquidator conceals the fact that the sale has occurred, the limitation is tolled and an action under this division may be commenced within the earlier of the following:
(1)     One year after the person bringing the action discovers that the sale has occurred.
(2)     One year after the person bringing the action should have discovered that the sale has occurred, but no later than two years after the date of the bulk sale. Complete noncompliance with the requirements of this division does not of itself constitute concealment.
Cite as Ca. Com. Code § 6110

§ 6111. Application of division

(a)     Except to the extent provided in subdivision (b), this division shall apply to a bulk sale if the date of the bulk sale is on or after January 1, 1991.
(b)     If the date of a bulk sale is on or after January 1, 1991, and the date of the bulk-sale agreement is before January 1, 1991, all of the following shall apply:
(1)     Paragraph (2) of subdivision (a) of Section 6103 and subdivision (b) of Section 6103 shall not apply and this division shall apply only if the goods are located in this state.
(2)     Subdivision (a) of Section 6104 shall not apply.
(3)     The buyer is required under subdivision (b) of Section 6104 to give notice in accordance with Section 6107, as in effect on December 31, 1990, rather than Section 6105.
(4)     The buyer is required under subdivision (c) of Section 6104 to comply with Section 6106, as in effect on December 31, 1990, if the bulk sale is within the scope of that section, rather than Section 6106.2.
(5)     Section 6105 shall not apply, and Section 6107, as in effect on December 31, 1990, shall apply.
(6)     Sections 6106.2 and 6106.4 shall not apply, and Sections 6106 and 6106.1, as in effect on December 31, 1990, shall apply.
(7)     No action may be brought under this division, as in effect either before or on or after January 1, 1991, if the provisions of this division, as in effect on December 31, 1990, have been complied with.
Cite as Ca. Com. Code § 6111